Huizhou Konshen Glass Co., Ltd is a comprehensive deep-processing enterprise integrating glass technology research and development, production and sales, with highly automated production line. Specializing in the production of AR/AG/AF/ITO Coating glass, Solar Glass, Laser Reflective Mirror, Cover Glass For Electronic Devices, Switch Panels, Lighting glass, Borosilicate Glass, Quartz Glass, Tempered glass, Curved glass, laminated glass etc.
Why Choose Us
Various Products
We specialize in the production and processing of a wide variety of glass products, ranging in thickness from 0.23mm to 15mm. Our extensive product line includes, but is not limited to AG (anti-glare) Glass, AR (anti-reflective) Glass, AF (anti-fingerprint)Glass, ITO (indium tin oxide) Glass, Solar Glass Solutions.
Quality Control
In order to present the best performance, we conduct high standard tests of each product between every step.
Professional Team
We provide leading analysis, testing, quality assessment and failure analysis solutions. As recognized experts in the field of glass, we provide our customers with reliable solutions, explanations and advice.
Certification
Our products have passed qualification certifications in multiple countries. Our products are qualified by ISO 9001, RoHs, HF and REACH certifications.
Optical glass refers to a quality of glass suitable for the manufacture of optical systems such as optical lenses, prisms or mirrors. Unlike window glass or crystal, whose formula is adapted to the desired aesthetic effect, optical glass contains additives designed to modify certain optical or mechanical properties of the glass: refractive index, dispersion, transmittance, thermal expansion and other parameters. Lenses produced for optical applications use a wide variety of materials, from silica and conventional borosilicates to elements such as germanium and fluorite, some of which are essential for glass transparency in areas other than the visible spectrum.
Optical Glass Properties
Refractive Index
Refractive index measures a photon's change in velocity as it moves through a given material. Mathematically, it is defined as the velocity of light in a vacuum (where photons travel the fastest) divided by its velocity in another substance. Refractive index is a critical measurement, as it indicates the amount of light that gets transmitted through the glass, as well as the angle at which it exits. These values determine the focusing and dispersive power of lenses and prisms, respectively. Most varieties of glass have a refractive index of 1.5, meaning that light travels 1.5 times faster in a vacuum than in glass. However, both temperature and wavelength can influence refractive index, so these values should be considered in the context of each application.
Absorption
As light moves through glass, some of the photons do not make it through the material. Instead, their energy is lost to absorption, which occurs when a photon's energy is transferred to atoms in the glass. This absorption results in decreased light intensity from one side of the material to the other. The amount of absorption varies based on several key factors:
- Glass thickness. All else being equal, thicker glass exhibits higher absorption. This occurs because light takes longer to pass through thicker pieces of glass, increasing the probability that a photon will encounter an electron to excite.
- Glass composition. Glass composition has a significant impact on absorption. Completely clear glass absorbs between 2-4% of the light that passes through it, while prismatic glass absorbs between 5-10%. These differences are due to variations in molecular structure, which influence how a glass atom accepts energy from a photon.
- Wavelength. Different wavelengths will interact differently with the same glass material. This can be seen readily by using glass of different colors. For example, shining red wavelengths on green glass results in nearly 100% absorption, whereas shining green wavelengths onto green glass results in nearly 100% transmission. Since white light is composed of all other wavelengths, absorption depends more heavily on the glass's composition.
Transmittance
Transmittance defines the proportion of light that is either absorbed, scattered, or reflected rather than being transmitted through the glass. The inverse of transmittance is transmission, or the amount of light that successfully passes through the glass. Transmittance is calculated by dividing the initial light intensity by the final light intensity, so the formula accounts for all sources of intensity loss.Transmittance can be broken down into internal and external transmittance. Internal transmittance includes only the energy lost due to absorption, whereas external transmittance includes both absorption and reflection. This distinction is useful since manufacturers can apply coatings to reduce reflection, while absorption is harder to mitigate. Most manufacturers measure industrial glasses in terms of external transmittance, and filter glasses based on internal transmittance.
Dispersion
Dispersion differs slightly from the other optical properties above in that it focuses on wavelength separation rather than overall transmission or intensity. Dispersion is best understood through the example of a rainbow: different wavelengths move through water droplets at different speeds. Thus, what enters a humid atmosphere as white light separates into distinct bands of its constituent wavelengths, which we perceive as different colors. There are three main types of dispersion that influence glass applications:
Material Dispersion
Different wavelengths travel at different speeds, with longer wavelengths moving faster than shorter ones. As a result, the light that moves through a glass transmitter will be separated by the different travel rates of light. This separation is called material dispersion.
Modal Dispersion
Modal dispersion is a form of wavelength separation based on the physical properties of the transmitter rather than the wavelength itself. This method of dispersion is often discussed in the context of fiber optics since the core of the fiber can transmit light faster than the cladding.
Chromatic Dispersion
Chromatic dispersion arises from a combination of material dispersion and modal dispersion. It specifically refers to the separation of wavelengths as they move through a transmitter. Manufacturers of optical equipment can use lenses with different materials and refraction indices to equalize differences in velocity and minimize chromatic dispersion.
Application of Optical Glass
Astronomy, Satellites and Laser Vision
Optical glass used in high-power laser, satellite and astronomical applications must offer exceptionally high homogeneity and extremely narrow variation in refractive index throughout. High homogeneity glasses meet this challenge head on.
Projectors and High-End Optical Systems
Optical glass offer very high levels of transmittance – a quality that makes them particularly suitable for digital projectors and high-end optical systems. With ultra HD imagery in ever-increasing demand and large-scale projection systems becoming more popular, these products deliver the high-quality performance required.
Life Science
Life Science applications demand special materials for high-end optical designs. We offer a comprehensive portfolio of optical glasses to enable high-end Life Science applications, such as extremely low dispersion, low fluorescence or glasses with large anomalous dispersion.
Cameras, Phones and Microscopes
Small, powerful and custom-shaped lenses are in ever-growing demand in areas ranging from smartphones to digital cameras. Precision molded glasses are well-suited to the design of complex and aspherical lenses.
Machine Vision and Metrology
Machine vision systems require optical glass products that offer high image resolution and excellent contrast, as well as a high refractive index and tight tolerance.
Automotive Industry
Optical glass is used in the manufacturing of automotive headlights, rearview mirrors, and other optical components. It ensures proper light transmission, visibility, and safety on the road.
Laser Technology
Optical glass is used in laser systems for its ability to transmit and manipulate laser beams. It is used in laser lenses, windows, and beam splitters, ensuring high optical quality and minimal energy loss.
Optical Glass Manufacturing Process
Raw Material Batching
The initial raw material step involves the selection, measurement, and combination of the desired chemicals for the specific optical glass formulation. Concern must be given to the purity of the chemical elements, as commonly occurring contaminants such as iron can impact the optical properties of the finished product. This may manifest, for example, as an unwanted absorption of light at a particular wavelength of interest, a condition that results in unacceptable performance, especially in applications involving monochromatic light sources such as lasers. Proper mixing of the chemicals is also critical, as non-uniformity of the formulation can lead to variation or fluctuations in the refractive index of the glass.
Melting
Once the chemicals are batched and mixed, a melting process begins whereby the temperature of the mix is raised to allow the chemicals to blend into an initial glass melt. As the temperature is raised, convection currents will form that will assist in some blending of the liquid glass melt.
Refining/Denazification
In the refining stage, which occurs at the highest temperature of the melting process, the liquid glass melt exhibits a low viscosity, which allows any gas bubbles to rise to the surface. Refining agents may be added to the glass at this stage which undergoes decomposition and the generation of oxygen bubbles. The oxygen bubbles will assist with the denazification process by combining with other dissolved gases in the melt, causing the formation of larger bubbles that will rise to the surface of the melt quicker and thereby be more readily removed. High-quality optical glass must be free of bubbles and so the refining stage is critical in the process to removed trapped gases.
Homogenization
In the homogenization stage, the temperature is lowered, and the melt is stirred continuously, to distribute all the components uniformly throughout the glass melt batch. The objective here is to eliminate striae, which represent localized regions within the material where the refractive index varies slightly from that of the surrounding glass. As mentioned earlier, optical glass performance is measured against the index of refraction and its variation is a key parameter to control in order to achieve the desired optical properties for the finished glass. At the end of the homogenization process, the temperature of the glass melt is slowly lowered to achieve a suitable viscosity to allow the creation of glass blanks to be formed. Glass blanks represent raw glass shapes that require additional machining, finishing, shaping, or coating before they transform into an end product made of optical glass, such as a lens or beam splitter.
Forming
Forming of blanks can occur in what is termed a continuous or discontinuous process. Continuous forming has all the steps needed to form glass being performed at different positions in the process flow. In contrast, the discontinuous process, also referred to as pot melting, involves all the processes occurring in the same physical space but at different points in time.
Annealing
In the annealing step, the formed glass is lowered to room temperature to allow for subsequent production operations to be performed on the blank. These operations entail cutting, grinding, polishing, and shaping. For optical glass, a fine annealing process may be used that entails the use of an annealing oven to first raise the temperature of the glass and allow any thermal stresses that may have resulted from the forming process to be relieved. The glass is then slowly cooled to room temperature at a very slow rate (perhaps as little as a few tenths of a degree per hour). Glass that has been finely annealed is will exhibit low residual stress birefringence. Birefringence is a property of glass and crystals whereby the index of refraction has different values depending on the orientation of the glass relative to the incident light energy.
Once the glass has been cooled in the annealing step, the blanks are used to create finished products for optical systems, including lenses, beam splitters, viewing windows, and other similar products. Optical glass is commonly characterized as being either flint glass or crown glass. The difference between these two types of glass relates to their properties. Flint glass is produced using lead and tends to be denser than crown glass. Crown glass is fabricated using a higher concentration of potassium oxide and has a lower density than flint glass.
Tempered glass panel is a type of safety glass processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal glass. Tempering puts the outer surfaces into compression and the interior into tension. Such stresses cause the glass, when broken, to shatter into small granular chunks instead of splintering into jagged shards as ordinary annealed glass does. The granular chunks are less likely to cause injury. Tempered glass panel is used for its safety and strength in a variety of applications, including passenger vehicle windows (apart from windshield), shower doors, aquariums, architectural glass doors and tables, refrigerator trays, mobile phone screen protectors, bulletproof glass components, diving masks, and plates and cookware.
Benefits of Custom Tempered Glass Panels
It's Safer
The biggest advantage of custom tempered glass panels over annealed or "ordinary" glass is that it was designed for safety. Unlike annealed glass, which breaks into large and dangerous shards, custom tempered glass panel disintegrates into small granular chunks that are relatively harmless.
It's Tougher
The thermal tempering process used to manufacture a custom tempered glass panel makes it much stronger than ordinary glass. Custom tempered glass panel can stand up to strong winds, direct impact from blows and bumps, and minor explosions.
It's Heat-Resistant
Custom tempered glass panel can resist temperatures of up to 470 degrees Fahrenheit. This property makes the custom tempered glass panel ideal for use in kitchen appliances and in areas like the bathroom, where it will likely be in contact with the heat on a regular basis.
It's Crystal Clear
While the tempering process makes the custom tempered glass panel super tough, it doesn't affect the clarity of the glass. The custom tempered glass panel is crystal clear and transparent, which makes it useful in windows, display cases, and glass doors.
It's Versatile
Custom tempered glass panel can be used practically anywhere glass is needed. It makes for an attractive and sturdy frameless shower door, a fully transparent smartphone screen protector, and a seamless stove top base.
It Doesn't Scratch Easily
The manufacturing process that makes custom tempered glass panel thermally tough also makes it scratch-resistant. This makes custom tempered glass panel an ideal material for glass doors, kitchen appliances, mobile screen protectors, and passenger vehicle windows.
It Is Available in Various Designs and Patterns
Custom tempered glass panel can be clear, frosted, engraved, stained, and patterned. It's available in an array of patterns and designs to suit your needs.
Uses of Custom Tempered Glass Panels
Mobile Device
Your laptop screen and smartphone display are all made of custom tempered glass panel. So are the heavy-duty screen protectors you use to keep your phone and tablet screens scratch-free.
Kitchen Appliances
Custom tempered glass panel is used in ovens, stoves, and other kitchen appliances that deal with great amounts of heat.
Automotive Parts
Custom tempered glass panel makes vehicle windows safer. Instead of creating large shards when they break, tempered glass windows disintegrate into small, harmless pieces.
Construction Uses
Custom tempered glass panel is used in numerous ways in the construction of a house. Shower doors, bathtub enclosures, sliding doors, windows, skylights, glass facades, elevators, swimming pools, and glass balcony doors can all be made of tempered glass.
Sports Arena
The glass panels around a hockey rink and in some sports arenas are made of custom tempered glass panel.
Office Partitions
The room dividers in your office building are made of custom tempered glass panel so that they won't cause injury when an employee bumps into and accidentally break them.
Retail Store Fixtures
The display cases and tables in retail stores are made of custom tempered glass panel because they're tough enough that they won't break when someone tries to steal something. Yet they're also crystal clear, which allows customers to see what's on display.
Railings
The glass railings in department stores, offices, and commercial and public spaces are made of custom tempered glass panel for the public's safety.
Countertops and Tabletops
Because they withstand heat and resist scratches so well, custom tempered glass panel is often used to make conference tables, kitchen countertops, reception desks, coffee tables, and other types of furniture.
Solar Panels
The thermal strength, heat resistance, and durability of custom tempered glass panel make it the ideal material for solar panels.
4-Step Ordering Process
Submit A Quote Request
The process for custom borosilicate glass development begins with a quote request. You can submit a quote request telling us what you're looking to have produced and we can then provide you with a quote on how much your custom product order would cost.
Send Over Your Design
If the quote looks good to you, the next step will be sending us the custom design. Ideally, your design will be in an Adobe Illustrator (.ai) or encapsulated postscript (.eps) format, but we can help you convert the file for free if it isn't. If you don't have a design created, we can help you create a design at no cost!
Review the Proof
Once we have your custom design, we'll then create a proof for you to review so that you can see what your design will look like on your new custom borosilicate glass.
Production & Delivery
Once your invoice is paid, we'll begin production. We'll deliver your custom borosilicate glass straight to you after production.
Our Factory
Our factory is located in Shengkang Industrial Park, Huiyang District, Huizhou City, China. Covering an area of more than 50,000 square meters and currently employs about 150 peoples.
Ultimate FAQ Guide to Solar Panel Glass
Q: What is the Difference Between Custom Tempered Glass Panels and Laminated glass?
Q: What Are Considerations for Optical Glass?
Q: How does optical glass work?
Q: What is the quality of optical glass?
Q: Why is optical glass important?
Q: How many types of optical glass are there?
Q: What is the transmission of optical glass?
Q: Does custom tempered glass panel break easy?
Q: What is the lifespan of a custom tempered glass panel?
Q: What is the weakest part of custom tempered glass pane?
We're professional cover glass manufacturers and suppliers in China, specialized in providing high quality customized service. We warmly welcome you to buy or wholesale high-grade cover glass at competitive price from our factory. Contact us for more details.
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